Writing on technology, cities, and the systems that connect them.

La Banque mondiale estime que 90 % des terres rurales en Afrique subsaharienne ne sont pas documentées. Construire un système cadastral dans ce contexte, c'est découvrir que le pipeline de validation spatiale — détection de collisions, calculs géodésiques, journalisation d'audit — importe moins que les accords institutionnels qu'il encode. Les problèmes techniques les plus difficiles sont des problèmes sociaux déguisés....

When Sidewalk Labs abandoned its Toronto waterfront project in 2020, it demonstrated what the General Purpose Technology literature has long argued: that platforms which reshape urban life require decades of institutional patience that venture-backed timelines cannot provide. The semiconductor took forty years to become infrastructure. Urban technology demands the same arc.

When ninety percent of rural land in Sub-Saharan Africa remains undocumented and oral traditions fracture with each generation that migrates, the question of how to preserve a family's memory becomes inseparable from the question of what medium can be trusted to endure. A flat JSON file and an interactive HTML page, hosted on infrastructure designed for permanence, is one answer....

The Africa Forward Summit in Nairobi declared that digital public infrastructure is as vital as electricity. But sovereignty over data centres and AI compute means little if ninety percent of rural land remains undocumented. The cadastral system — the registry that answers who owns what ground — is the first layer of digital sovereignty, because every other registry derives its...

A PRISMA review synthesizes seventy studies on agentic AI for climate-resilient cities. It proposes a unified digital twin framework. But the framework has no ground truth — it assumes mapped parcels, documented ownership, and continuous sensing that do not exist where cities are actually growing fastest. I have spent a decade building the precondition these papers take as given.

The Pew Research Center found that 38% of webpages from 2013 are no longer accessible a decade later. A quarter of everything published online between 2013 and 2023 has vanished. Against this backdrop of digital decay, a Git repository offers something rare: content that persists not because a hosting plan is paid but because the version control system itself is...

Roblox generated $4.9 billion in revenue in 2025 while paying its creators over $1 billion — demonstrating that the next generation of gaming is not a product but a platform, and that the infrastructure required to sustain persistent virtual worlds at this scale represents an engineering challenge as fundamental as the games themselves.

The global edge AI market is projected to reach $118 billion by 2033. But the value of running a local language model at home is not measured in market size — it is measured in the accumulating friction it removes: the things that happen correctly without intervention, the alerts that arrive before you notice the problem, the orchestration of a...